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Home > Conditions A-Z > Angina
Home > Help Desk > Health Concern > Section A > Angina
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Chest pain due to reduced blood flow to the heart is known as Angina or angina pectoris. Hardening of the coronary arteries (atherosclerosis) that feed the heart is usually the underlying problem. It is important for treatment and prevention of Angina (and for overall health) to learn more about atherosclerosis. Coronary artery spasms may also cause angina.
There are three main types of Angina. The first is called stable Angina. This type of chest pain comes on during exercise and is both common and predictable. Stable Angina is most often associated with atherosclerosis. A second type, called variant angina, can occur at rest or during exercise. This type is primarily due to sudden coronary artery spasm, though atherosclerosis may also be a component. The third, most severe type is called unstable angina. This angina occurs with no predictability and can quickly lead to a heart attack. Anyone with significant, new chest pain or a worsening of previously mild angina must seek medical care immediately.
What are the symptoms of Angina?
Common symptoms of angina include a squeezing pressure, heaviness, ache, or burning pain (like indigestion) in the chest that occur for 5 to 30 minutes at a time. These sensations are usually felt behind the breastbone but may also be felt in the jaw, neck, arms, back, or upper abdomen. Some people may also have difficulty in breathing or may become pale and sweaty. Symptoms of Angina usually appear during physical exertion, after heavy meals, and with heightened emotional states, such as anger, frustration, shock, and excitement.
How is Angina treated?
Nitroglycerin is available as pills to be held under the tongue or as a patch to be applied to the skin. The drug is used to temporarily widen the blood vessels in the heart to prevent or stop an angina attack. Smoking is discouraged, since nicotine prevents proper blood flow. In advanced stages, surgical repair of the blood vessels in the heart may be recommended. In some situations, treatment is directed toward underlying medical conditions, such as high cholesterol, high blood pressure, anemia, hyperthyroidism, obesity, or lung disease.
Dietary changes that may be helpful:
Coffee should probably be avoided. Drinking five or more cups of coffee per day has been shown to increase the risk of Angina, although effects of different forms of coffee on Angina are unclear.
Lifestyle changes that may be helpful:
Cigarette smoking causes damage to the coronary arteries and, in this way, can contribute to angina. It is critical for anyone with Angina who smokes to stop smoking. Smoking has also been shown to reduce the effectiveness of treatments for Angina. Secondhand smoke should be avoided as well.
Increasing physical exercise has been clearly demonstrated to reduce symptoms of Angina, as well as to relieve its underlying causes. One study found that intense exercise for ten minutes daily was as effective as beta-blocker drugs in a group of patients with Angina. Anyone with angina or any other heart condition, as well as anyone over the age of 40, should consult a doctor before beginning an exercise program.
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